神社合祀に関する意見(南方熊楠著)

神社合祀に関する意見
南方熊楠著

 最初、明治三十九年十二月原内相が出せし合祀令は、一町村に一社を標準とせり。ただし地勢および祭祀理由において、特殊の事情あるもの、および特別の由緒書あるものにして維持確実なるものは合祀に及ばず、その特別の由緒とは左の五項なり。
 (1)『延喜式』および『六国史』所載の社および創立年代これに準ずべきもの、(2)勅祭社、準勅祭社、(3)皇室の御崇敬ありし神社(行幸、御幸、奉幣、祈願、殿社造営、神封、神領、神宝等の寄進ありし類)、(4)武門、武将、国造、国司、藩主、領主の崇敬ありし社(奉幣、祈願、社殿造営、社領、神宝等の寄進ありし類)、(5)祭神、当該地方に功績また縁故ありし神社。
 神社には必ず神職を置き、村社は年に百二十円以上、無格社は六十円以上の報酬を出さしむ。ただし兼務者に対しては、村社は六十円、無格社は三十円まで減ずるを得。また神社には基本財産積立法を設け、村社五百円以上、無格社二百円以上の現金、またこれに相当する財産を現有蓄積せしむ、とあり。つまり神職もなく、財産、社地も定まらざる廃社同前のもの、また一時流行、運命不定の淫祠、小祠の類を除き、その他在来の神社を確立せしめんと力めたるもののごとし。
 しかるにこの合祀令の末項に、村社は一年百二十円以上、無格社は六十円以上の常収ある方法を立てしめ、祭典を全うし、崇敬の実を挙げしむ、とあり。祭典は従来氏子人民好んでこれを全うし、崇敬も実意のあらん限り尽しおれり。ただ規定の常収ある方法を新たに立てて神社を保存せんとするも、幾年幾十年間にこの方法を確立すべしという明示なく、かつ合祀の処分は、一にこれを府県知事の任意に任せ、知事またこれを、ただただ功績の書上のみを美にして御褒美に預らんとする郡長に一任せしより、他方の官公吏は、なるべくこれを一時即急に仕上げんとて氏子輩に勧めたるも、金銭は思うままに自由ならず。よって今度は一町村一社の制を厳行して、なるたけ多くの神社を潰すを自治制の美事となし、社格の如何を問わず、また大小と由緒、履歴を問わず、五百円積まば千円、千円積まば二千円、それより三千円、和歌山県ごときは五千円、大阪府は六千円まで基本財産を値上げして、即急に積み立つる能わざる諸社は、強いて合祀請願書に調印せしむ。

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